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| Liothyronine sodium Basic information |
| Liothyronine sodium Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 205 °C (dec.)(lit.) | | alpha | 20 º (c=2,alcohol/1.2N HCl) | | RTECS | YP2836500 | | storage temp. | -20°C | | solubility | 4 M NH4OH in methanol: 125 g/5mL, clear, yellow-brown | | form | powder | | color | White to Pale Brown | | Water Solubility | Partly miscible in water. Soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, sodium hydroxide and ethanol. Practically insoluble in most other organic solvents. | | Sensitive | Light Sensitive | | Merck | 5510 | | BRN | 8179867 | | CAS DataBase Reference | 55-06-1(CAS DataBase Reference) | | EPA Substance Registry System | L-Tyrosine, O-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-, monosodium salt (55-06-1) |
| Liothyronine sodium Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | white to beige powder | | Originator | Cytomel,SKF,US,1956 | | Uses | L-3,3',5-Triiodothyronine, Sodium Salt is shown to stimulate respiratory activity at the mitochondrial level. T3 is a thyroid hormone that increases rates of proteins synthesis, stimulates the breakdown of cholesterol, and effects embryonic development. In cell culture, T3 regulates cell differentiation and protein expression. | | Uses | One of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland that is involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Also produced in peripheral tissues as the active metabolite of Thyroxine. | | Uses | cytochrome P450 inhibitor, Ca antagonist, anesthetic (local) | | Definition | ChEBI: The sodium salt of liothyronine. Thought to be more active than levothyroxine and with a rapid (few hours) onset and short duration of action, liothyronine sodium is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of hypothyroid coma. | | Indications | Liothyronine sodium (Cytomel) is the sodium salt of the
naturally occurring levorotatory isomer of T3. Liothyronine
is generally not used for maintenance thyroid
hormone replacement therapy because of its short
plasma half-life and duration of action. The use of T3
alone is recommended only in special situations, such as
in the initial therapy of myxedema and myxedema coma
and the short-term suppression of TSH in patients undergoing
surgery for thyroid cancer. The use of T3 alone
may also be useful in patients with the rare condition of
5'-deiodinase deficiency who cannot convert T4 to T3. | | Manufacturing Process | The 3,5-diiodo compound used as a starting material is a known material and
may be prepared by the method in British Patents 643,089 and 671,070 and
in the Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1949, page 3424.Synthesis: L-diiodo thyronine (1.05 g) is dissolved in ammonia (specific
gravity 0.880) (40 ml) and methanol (40 ml) and iodinated slowly with
shaking with N-iodine in KI solution at room temperature. After iodination,most of the ammonia and methanol are removed by evaporation under
diminished pressure, water is added to the original volume, the solution is
heated to 60°C and brought to pH 4 with hydrochloric acid. A crystalline
precipitate is obtained which after cooling to room temperature is collected
and washed with water. At this stage, the crude triiodo thyronine is
contaminated with thyroxine and a little unchanged diiodo thyronine.Purification: The crude precipitate is dissolved in boiling 2N HCl (300 ml) and
filtered from the relatively insoluble thyroxine hydrochloride. The hot filtrate is
brought to pH 4 with 5N NaOH and triiodo thyronine again separates; after
chilling at 0° to 4°C it is collected, washed with water and dried. The yield of
triiodo thyronine is 70 to 75% of the theoretical. This triiodo thyronine still
contains some thyroxine (about 10%).The final purification consists of chromatographic separation of thyroxine and
triiodo thyronine on a kieselguhr column using 20% chloroform in n-butanol
equilibrated with 0.5N NaOH as the developing solvent. 80 to 100 mg triiodo
thyronine is purified during each run on a 50 g kieselguhr column. Pure Ltriiodo thyronine has MP 236° to 237°C (dec.) and [α]D29.5° = +21.5 in a
4.75% solution in a mixture of 1 part of N HCl and 2 parts of ethanol.
Liothyronine is commonly used as the sodium salt. | | Brand name | Thyroid hormone Cytomel (King); Triostat (Jones). | | Therapeutic Function | Thyroid hormone | | General Description | 3,3′,5′-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) is an endocrine hormone produced by the thyroid gland and is regarded as an active thyroid hormone at cellular level. Thyroxine (T4) serves as a precursor for T3 and is generated in extrathyroidal tissues. | | Biochem/physiol Actions | 3,3′,5′-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) is a thyroid hormone that increases rates of proteins synthesis, stimulates the breakdown of cholesterol, and effects embryonic development. In cell culture, T3 regulates cell differentiation and protein expression. The interaction of T3 with nonhistone proteins in the chromatin initiates the thyroid hormone activity. Thyroid hormones regulate the differentiation and development of tissues and affect a number of metabolic processes. The level of circulating T3 hormone is reduced in hypothyroidism. | | Veterinary Drugs and Treatments | Because of its shorter duration of action, liothyronine is generally
not considered
the drug of first choice in treating hypothyroidism.
Infrequently, animals not responding to levothyroxine may respond
to liothyronine. |
| Liothyronine sodium Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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